Causes that alter a healthy tear film

Dry eyes result from a variety of causes that disrupt the healthy tear film. The tear film has three layers: lipid, aqueous and mucin. This combination usually keeps the surface of the eyes lubricated, smooth and clean. If any of these layers have problems, dry eyes can occur.

The causes of tear film dysfunction are many, and include hormonal changes, autoimmune diseases, inflammation of the sebaceous glands in the eyelid or allergic eye diseases. For some people, the cause of dry eyes is decreased tear production or increased tear evaporation.

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